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Access List

August 6th, 2019 in ROUTE 300-101 Go to comments

Question 1

Explanation

The first answer is not correct because the 10.0.0.0 network range is not correct. It should be 10.0.0.0. to 10.255.255.255.

Question 2

Explanation

Logging-enabled access control lists (ACLs) provide insight into traffic as it traverses the network or is dropped by network devices. Unfortunately, ACL logging can be CPU intensive and can negatively affect other functions of the network device. There are two primary factors that contribute to the CPU load increase from ACL logging: process switching of packets that match log-enabled access control entries (ACEs) and the generation and transmission of log messages.

Process switching is the slowest switching methods (compared to fast switching and Cisco Express Forwarding) because it must find a destination in the routing table. Process switching must also construct a new Layer 2 frame header for every packet. With process switching, when a packet comes in, the scheduler calls a process that examines the routing table, determines which interface the packet should be switched to and then switches the packet. The problem is, this happens for the every packet.

Reference: http://www.cisco.com/web/about/security/intelligence/acl-logging.html

Question 3

Explanation

If you use the “debug ip packet” command on a production router, you can bring it down since it generates an output for every packet and the output can be extensive. The best way to limit the output of debug ip packet is to create an access-list that linked to the debug. Only packets that match the access-list criteria will be subject to debug ip packet. For example, this is how to monitor traffic from 1.1.1.1 to 2.2.2.2

access-list 100 permit ip 1.1.1.1 2.2.2.2
debug ip packet 100

Note: The “debug ip packet” command is used to monitor packets that are processed by the routers routing engine and are not fast switched.

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Explanation

+ The question asks to “always” block traffic (every week) so we must use keyword “periodic”.
+ Traffic should be blocked to 11:59 PM, which means 23:59

Note: The time is specified in 24-hour time (hh:mm), where the hours range from 0 to 23 and the minutes range from 0 to 59

Only answer B satisfies these two requirements so it is the best answer. In fact, all the above answers are not correct as the access-list should deny web traffic, not allow them as shown in the answers.

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Explanation

The established keyword is only applicable to TCP access list entries to match TCP segments that have the ACK and/or RST control bit set (regardless of the source and destination ports), which assumes that a TCP connection has already been established in one direction only. Let’s see an example below:

access-list_established.jpgSuppose you only want to allow the hosts inside your company to telnet to an outside server but not vice versa, you can simply use an “established” access-list like this:

access-list 100 permit tcp any any established
access-list 101 permit tcp any any eq telnet
!
interface S0/0
ip access-group 100 in
ip access-group 101 out

Note:

Suppose host A wants to start communicating with host B using TCP. Before they can send real data, a three-way handshake must be established first. Let’s see how this process takes place:

TCP_Three_way_handshake.jpg

1. First host A will send a SYN message (a TCP segment with SYN flag set to 1, SYN is short for SYNchronize) to indicate it wants to setup a connection with host B. This message includes a sequence (SEQ) number for tracking purpose. This sequence number can be any 32-bit number (range from 0 to 232) so we use “x” to represent it.

2. After receiving SYN message from host A, host B replies with SYN-ACK message (some books may call it “SYN/ACK” or “SYN, ACK” message. ACK is short for ACKnowledge). This message includes a SYN sequence number and an ACK number:
+ SYN sequence number (let’s called it “y”) is a random number and does not have any relationship with Host A’s SYN SEQ number.
+ ACK number is the next number of Host A’s SYN sequence number it received, so we represent it with “x+1”. It means “I received your part. Now send me the next part (x + 1)”.

The SYN-ACK message indicates host B accepts to talk to host A (via ACK part). And ask if host A still wants to talk to it as well (via SYN part).

3. After Host A received the SYN-ACK message from host B, it sends an ACK message with ACK number “y+1” to host B. This confirms host A still wants to talk to host B.

Question 10

Explanation

Reflexive access lists provide filtering on upper-layer IP protocol sessions. They contain temporary entries that are automatically created when a new IP session begins. They are nested within extended, named IP access lists that are applied to an interface. Reflexive access lists are typically configured on border routers, which pass traffic between an internal and external network. These are often firewall routers. Reflexive access lists do not end with an implicit deny statement because they are nested within an access list and the subsequent statements need to be examined.

Reference: http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/ios-xml/ios/sec_data_acl/configuration/15-1s/sec-access-list-ov.html

Question 11

Explanation

The command “ipv6 traffic-filter access-list-name { in | out }” applies the access list to incoming or outgoing traffic on the interface.

Reference: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/lan/catalyst3750/software/release/12-2_55_se/configuration/guide/scg3750/swv6acl.html

Question 12

Question 13

Explanation

When the ACL logging feature is configured, the system monitors ACL flows and logs dropped packets and statistics for each flow that matches the deny conditions of the ACL entry.

The log and log-input options apply to an individual ACE and cause packets that match the ACE to be logged. The sample below illustrates the initial message and periodic updates sent by an IOS device with a default configuration using the log ACE option.

*May 1 22:12:13.243: %SEC-6-IPACCESSLOGP: list ACL-IPv4-E0/0-IN permitted tcp 192.168.1.3(1024) -> 192.168.2.1(22), 1 packet

Reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/about/security-center/access-control-list-logging.html

From the example above we can see when an ACL drops a packet, it generates a level 6 Syslog (%SEC-6-)

Comments
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  1. Anonymous
    January 9th, 2017

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    February 2nd, 2017

    can somebody tell me please that what is the last question of 40Q of TAGWA , in my life there is no answer of question “Meaning of priority 0 configured in ospf router?” .

  13. Jane woken
    February 2nd, 2017

    can somebody tell me please that what is the last question of 40Q of TAGWA , in my life there is no answer of question “Meaning of priority 0 configured in ospf router?” . Plus what it the correct answer for the following questions?
    Question 2
    Refer to the following configuration command.
    router(config)# ip nat inside source static tcp 172.16.10.8 8080 172.16.10.8 80
    Which statement about the command is true?
    A. Any packet that is received in the inside interface with a source IP port address of
    172.16.10.8:80 is translated to 172.16.10.8:8080.
    B. Any packet that is received in the inside interface with a source IP port address of
    172.16.10.8:8080 is translated to 172.16.10.8:80.
    C. The router accepts only a TCP connection from port 8080 and port 80 on IP address
    172.16.10.8.
    D. Any packet that is received in the inside interface with a source IP address of 172.16.10.8
    is redirected to port 8080 or port 80.
    Answer:?

    and

    Question 28
    A network engineer wants to ensure an optimal end-to-end delay bandwidth product. The delay is
    less than 64 KB. Which TCP feature ensures steady state throughput?
    A. Window scaling
    B. Network buffers
    C. Round-trip timers
    D. TCP acknowledgments
    Answer:?

    some people said the answer is wrong of TAGWA file. Please help

  14. Vince
    February 2nd, 2017

    you want NAT to redirect packets from the outside destined for 172.16.10.8:80 to
    172.16.10.8:8080. You can use a
    static nat
    command in order to translate the TCP port number
    to achieve this. A sample configuration is shown here.
    Configuring NAT to Redirect TCP Traffic to Another TCP Port or Address
    Note that the configuration description for the static NAT command indicates any packet received
    in the inside interface with a source address of 172.16.10.8:8080 is translated to 172.16.10.8:80.
    This also implies that any packet received on the outside interface with a destination address of
    172.16.10.8:80 has the destination translated to 172.16.10.8:8080.
    The final step is to verify that NAT is operating as intended.
    show ip nat translations
    Pro Inside global Inside local Outside local Outside global
    tcp 172.16.10.8:80 172.16.10.8:8080 — —
    Example: Using NAT During a Network Transition
    Deploying NAT is useful when you need to readdress devices on the network or when you replace
    one device with another. For instance, if all devices in the network use a particular server and this
    NAT Router
    interface ethernet 0
    ip address 172.16.10.1 255.255.255.0
    ip nat inside
    !— Defines Ethernet 0 with an IP address and as a NAT
    inside interface.
    interface serial 0 ip address
    200.200.200.5 255.255.255.252 ip nat outside
    !—
    Defines serial 0 with an IP address and as a NAT outside
    interface.
    ip nat inside source static tcp 172.16.10.8
    8080 172.16.10.8 80
    !— Static NAT command that states
    any packet received in the inside !— interface with a
    source IP address of 172.16.10.8:8080 is !— translated
    to 172.16.1

    http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/ip/network-address-translation-nat/13772-12.pdf

  15. Anonymous
    February 4th, 2017

    Jane, ospf priority only comes into play when you’re talking a broadcast network (think Ethernet). In this case, a DR and BDR are elected. To be able to participate in the election process, the ospf priority on an interface must be 1 or greater. If it’s set to 0, it will not participate in this election process.

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  19. george
    February 11th, 2017

    At this link it said: “If you enable CEF and then create an access list that uses the log keyword, the packets that match the access list are not CEF switched. They are fast switched. Logging disables CEF.”

    http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_2/switch/configuration/guide/fswtch_c/xcfcef.html#wp1000943

    I’m confused…What is correct?

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